Free Essays on Turkish Revolution

Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n... Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n...

Art a Play by Yasmina Reza

Art a Play by Yasmina Reza Marc, Serge, and Yvan are friends. They are three middle-aged men of comfortable means who have stayed friends with each other for fifteen years. Since men of their age often lack opportunities to meet new people and sustain new friendships, their courtesy towards and their tolerance for one another’s quirks and affinities have been worn raw. At the opening of the play, Serge is smitten with his acquisition of a new painting. It is a modern art piece (white on white) for which he paid two hundred thousand dollars. Marc can’t believe that his friend bought a white on white painting for such an extravagant amount of money. Marc could not care less about modern art. He believes that people ought to have a few more standards when it comes to determining what is good â€Å"art† and therefore worthy of two grand. Yvan gets caught in the middle of Marc and Serge’s arguments. He does not find the painting or the fact that Serge spent so much to acquire it as offensive as Marc does, but he doesn’t adore the piece as much as Serge does. Yvan has his own real-life problems. He is planning a wedding with a fiancà © turned â€Å"bridezilla† and a host of selfish and unreasonable relatives. Yvan tries to turn towards his friends for support only to be ridiculed by both Marc and Serge for not having a strong opinion in their war over the white on white painting. The play culminates in a confrontation among the three strong personalities. They throw every personal choice that the others disagree with and look down on into each other’s faces. A piece of art, a visual and external representation of inner values and beauty, causes Marc, Yvan, and Serge to question themselves and their relationships to the core.  Ã‚   At his wit’s end, Serge hands Marc a felt tip pen and dares him to draw over his white on white, two hundred thousand dollars, adored, a piece of art. How far will Marc go to prove that he truly doesn’t believe that this painting is actually art? Production Details Setting: The main rooms of three different flats. Only a change in the painting above the mantle determines whether the flat belongs to Marc, Yvan, or Serge.Time: The presentCast Size: This play can accommodate 3 male actors. Roles Marc: Marc is a strongly opinionated man when it comes to what he values and an extremely condescending one towards what he does not value at all. Other people’s feelings do not factor into his decisions or filter the manner in which he talks to them and about them. Only his girlfriend and her homeopathic remedies for stress seem to have any sway over his strong and acerbic personality. On his wall above his mantel hangs a figurative painting that is described as â€Å"pseudo-Flemish† of a view of Carcassonne.Serge: Serge, according to Marc, has recently taken a dive into the world of Modern Art and has fallen head over heels with a newfound respect for it. Modern Art speaks to something within him that makes sense and which he finds beautiful. Serge has recently gone through a divorce and has a dim view of marriage and anyone searching to make a commitment to another person. His rules for life, friendship, and art went out the window with his marriage and now he has fo und peace in the realm of Modern Art where the old rules are thrown out and acceptance and instinct govern what is valuable. Yvan: Yvan is less high strung than his two friends about art, but he has his own issues in life and love that make him just as neurotic as Marc and Serge are. He begins the play stressed about his upcoming wedding and looking for a little support. He finds none. Although the physical production of art on canvas means less to him than it does to the others, he is more in tune with the psychological responses and reasonings behind such responses than either Marc or Serge are. That aspect of his personality is what thrusts him into being the middleman in this fight between friends and why he gets belittled by both of them. He actually cares more about their feelings and well-being than they do for him or each other. The painting above the mantel in his flat is described as â€Å"some daub.† The audience finds out later Yvan’s is the artist. Technical Requirements Art is light on technical requirements for production. Production notes specify the need for only a single set of a man’s flat, â€Å"as stripped down and neutral as possible.† The only object that should change between scenes is the painting. Serge’s flat has the white on white canvas, Marc’s has the view of Carcassonne, and for Yvan, the painting is the â€Å"daub.† Occasionally the actors deliver asides to the audience. Marc, Serge, or Yvan take turns stepping out of the action and addressing the audience directly. Lighting changes during these asides will help the audience understand the break in the action. No costume changes are needed and there are few props required for this production. The playwright wants the audience to focus on the art, the friendships, and the questions the play brings up. Production History Art was written in French for a French audience by playwright Yasmina Reza. It has been translated many times and produced in many countries since its debut in 1996. Art was performed ​on Broadway at the Royale Theater in 1998 for a run of 600 shows. It starred ​Alan Alda as Marc, ​Victor Garber as Serge, and Alfred Molina as Yvan. Content Issues: Language Dramatists Play Service holds the production rights for Art (translated by Christopher Hampton). Inquiries for producing the play may be made through the website.

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why Essay

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why - Essay Example Although Éric Besson’s ministry seems to connect with debate, he denies any connection between immigration and the debate. On the other hand, Jean-Luc MÃ ©lenchon writes that to be French is to have a French identity card and the rights that go with it. Additionally, French Muslims just like the Arabs react to the debate with resentment claiming discrimination to the French identity. More so, Yazid Sabeg, an Algerian-born businessman, says the French nation is more unified and that the organic sense of being French does exist. Additionally, Mr. Besson argues that Franco-French does not exist and that there is no race. He says that only a shared set of values that include liberty, equality, fraternity, and secularism exist in France (Erlanger Web). There seems to be immense concern on the France identity as portrayed by various French leaders. As such, I think the debate about French identity is worth discussing. I feel that this debate will clearly define the France identity and remove the dark thoughts of discrimination on race and religion. I also feel that very few people in the world understand secularism in the French

Unions in China and Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unions in China and Germany - Essay Example The essay "Unions in China and Germany" talks about the time when Hitler ruled in Germany and the union between Germany and China. Under the rule of Hitler, Germany saw a transformation into a dictatorship from a republic through the coordination process. After 1934 August, it became a totalitarian state.The ACFTU is the only legal organization of trade unions. It is structured to suit the requirements of a socialist power economy. With the start of liberalization in China in 1978, the ACFTU experienced a turning point as it was fed by the peasant economy’s surplus labor. On the other hand, in Germany, Hitler realized that unions exercised more power than he could over the workers. Although he needed the workers to back him, he did not wish the unions to have so much power and, therefore, all unions were banned and the state assumed their roles. The German Labor Force deliberately masked in patriotism, replaced all unions. To gain the workers’ support, they were offered improved lifestyles and subsidized holidays, but the right to strike was taken away. Strikes became illegal. Leadership was from top to down, with the working class having no power of say. In China, the trade unions’ National Congress is the highest level of decision making, together with the ensuing ACFTU Executive Committee. It is worth noting that although only the ACFTU is legal, power is transferred to it from the top and distributed among other democratically elected offices. The unions at the grassroots allow dual leadership.; from the national level and at the local level. The National Congress holds a meeting after every five years and when it goes into recess, its powers are exercised by the Executive Committee, which takes charge of the unions. Through the Executive Committee, elections are conducted to choose a chairman, several vice chairmen and members of a Presidium, who form the Presidium that convenes the Executive Committee’s plenary session annually . When the Executive Committee goes into recess, the Presidium takes over power and holds plenary sessions quarterly. A Secretariat is created under the Presidium and it consists of a first secretary and a number of other secretaries who attend to the daily business of the ACFTU. Headquartered at the ACFTU is an auditing commission together with 12 other functioning departments ranging from finance to technical and legal. In the Federal Republic of Germany, associations for employers were reestablished with the founding of the republic, but did not achieve their status of power before the 1950s economic boom. Unlike China, several unions exist in Germany. Presently, there are a few hundred associations for employers and they are grouped under the Confederation of German Employers' Associations (BDA), Federation of German Industries (BDI) and German Industrial and Trade Conference (DIHT). The BDA is the labor unions’ negotiating counterpart in collective bargaining situations, while the BDI and DIHT influence the economic policy of the government. Labor in Federal Germany is further organized in three key centralized associations. They are the German Federation of Civil Servants, the German Union of Salaried Workers and the German Confederation of Trade Unions. The German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB) is the largest by far. It represents the interests of its eight individual trade union members which, in turn, represent over six million workers. The position of the confederation pertaining to

Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Case - Research Paper Example This case study will explore an actual situation that existed as an illustration of divergent management styles at CD Hotels Inc. This happened during Eddie’s tenure at the company when he was a member of the management team. Kenny was a young and fresh graduate from university with the eagerness and enthusiasm to work. He had studied Business Administration with majors in Management. From the onset, he looked naà ¯ve and vulnerable at times. However, he was ready to listen to what other people had to say. He created an aura of likeness within and around him from the day he started working at the company. He knew how to create rapport with fellow colleagues without creating any tension. When people approached him with issues, he always seemed ready to help whenever there was a need to do so. He made it easy for people to work with him and he was never the type of person that would put his team off. Instead, he wanted input from his colleagues and was ready to listen and reach a consensus whenever there was a dispute. CD Hotels was established in 1981 as a small establishment that used to house middle class people in Washington D.C. It was established by Martin Atkinson as the first of the would-be many worldwide hotel chains. In 1984, the organization began its expansion programs to cover areas outside Washington D.C. During that year, five hotels were established in the United States, which were serving the most clients in the hospitality sector. Over the years, the company has received international status with improved revenue collections as well as financial muscle. It developed an international reputation as one of the finest hospitality industries around the world. The establishment has spread out beyond borders into the East, Europe, Africa, and South America. The company has since grown and witnessed the creation of different departments and divisions that have clear roles and responsibilities. For

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research paper - Essay Example ry Peters in the play along with other individuals were of the opinion that women identification was dependent on the male counterparts of the society. In this context, in accordance to the play Henderson refers Mrs. Peters to be a follower of law. The reason behind the statement is that Mrs. Peter is the wife of Henry Peters, who is the Sherriff and follows the law. According to Henderson, as Henry Peter is a reliable follower of the law of the state. Therefore, his wife would also be a reliable follower of law. However, in the reply Mrs. Peter said, â€Å"Not-just that way† Trifles (page 1-10). The reply of Mrs. Peter suggested that she does not want to be considered as the follower of law as she had been the wife of a Sheriff, but she wants to portray that being independent women she also is a follower of the same law. In the play, it was further concluded by Mrs. Hale saying, â€Å"All go through the same things-its all just a different kind of the same thing† Trifl es (page 1-10). This conclusion made by Mrs. Hale suggesting that such kind of mistake is made by almost every individual and the women should not be considered on the basis of a judgmental decision with regard to the profession of her husband Trifles (page 1-10). This concept of the female identity is to be determined by the relationship with the male member and is significantly relevant to the modern day. It has been observed in several parts of the world that the female members are recognized by the profession of the male members in the family. These male members may either be their husband or father. This is prominently observed in the case of the wives of the terrorist and the other criminals of the world. These women are also considered as terrorists or criminals by the society irrespective of their participation in any sort of offensive crimes. This is not only observed in case of the terrorist or criminals of the society, but also in case of the noble people. The wives and daughters of the

The opening balance Essay Example for Free

The opening balance Essay In this cash forecast I will analyse where the Steve’s business can improve on whether they are making a profit or not. Also I need to identify where they have regular inflow and outflows and irregular inflow and outflows. I will also comment on how the fresh business can maintain more regular numbers. January and February In January the sales is  £17,000 it increases by  £2,000 to  £19,000.the total income in January was  £32,000 it decreases by  £13,000 to  £19,000 because the loan was one off income. It an irregular cash inflow which only happened in January. These profit can be use to expand or give the staff bigger salaries for there hard work. A regular cash inflow is good for business you know how much money going in to business. This makes it easily to predict future sales. Fresh business had total of  £174,000 for there sales revenue. In January and February raw material has regular cash outflows going out of the business. For gas, electric and water bills fresh business has to pay the  £700 each month. This regular cash outflow is very good for the business. The business can identify how much money is going out business. This is the same with salaries which  £4,000, lease for premises was  £1,500 and advertising that was. However in January there was no lease payment this mean the total expenditure is 17,000 this increases in February to  £18,200. The monthly net cash flow in January is  £15,000 and in February is  £800. It has decrease by  £14,200. I think the business should decrease the salaries to  £3000 because the monthly cash flow tells you that they are making a loss. The closing balance is  £25,000 and in February is  £25,800. The closing balance has increases by  £800 this because their no loan taken out. March and April The opening balance for the start of March is  £25,800 and for April it was  Ã‚ £25,600. Is has decrease by  £200. This is because loan was cash inflow and the sales revenue has decreases by  £3000. The sale revenue is  £18,000 in March and in April it was  £15,000.this is because there were lower demands for product meaning less people brought them. Loan is irregular payment so no money from loan came into the business both months. In March and April raw material has regular cash outflows going out of the business  £10,000 each month. For gas, electric and water bills fresh business has to pay the  £700 each month. This regular cash outflow is very good for the business. The business can identify how much money is going out business. This is the same with salaries which  £4,000, lease for premises was  £1,500 and advertising was  £200. However in March there was lease payment this mean the total expenditure is  £18,200 this is the same with April  £18,200. The new cooking equipment, delivery van and fuel for van are an irregular cash outflow at nothing in both March and April and the bills are a regular cash outflow at  £700 for both months. The total expenditure for both months is  £18,200 because there are an equal amount of payments. By reducing salaries and increasing advertisement the business will earn more money, Steve will then not make a loss at the closing balance. The monthly net cash flow in both months is negative at - £200 and - £3,200. This will have a bad impact on the business. The closing balance is  £25,000 and  £22,400 for each of the months a decrease of  £3,200. This has had a bad impact the business on Steve’s business as he is making less money and will eventually lead to bankrupt if he carry on like this. May and June The opening balance for May is at  £22,400 and for June at  £14,500. Steve has made a decrease of  £7,900 this is because of the sales revenue as the demand kept on going up and down for the previous months. The sales revenue for May is at  £11,000 because of a high demand Steve’s however this decreases to  £8,000 in June because of a lower demand for Steve’s product even though  Steve has bought the same amount of raw materials. There is no loan and the total income for both months is at  £11,000 and  £8,000 a decrease of  £3,000. The expenditure stays the same however, the delivery van and the fuel for the van both being an irregular cash outflow starts to kick in at  £8,000 only in May and  £200 for both months. The total expenditure for May is at  £18,900 and this is because of the cost for the delivery van. Irregular expenditure is bad for the company because you don’t know when it going to happen or how much going to cost. It had effect the business badly because it had a monthly cash flow. However, Steve has made a dramatic improvement between this month and all the others as the total expenditure totals up to  £10,900 for June it was better than may total expenditure  £18,200 the reason why there is a decrease is the delivery van was an irregular outflow. The monthly net cash flow is at - £7,900 for May and - £2,900 for June this is a decrease of - £5,000 and this is decreasing hopefully meaning it will time we will see more positive monthly cash outflows. The closing balance for May is at  £14,500 and for June at  £11,600 a decrease of  £2,900. This is having a bad impact on the business because of the monthly net cash flow and total expenditure are both negative means Steve’s business is not making profit only loss. It could be costly in the long run. I think Steve should lower his salary to  £3000 since they are not having positive monthly net cash and total expenditure. July and August The opening balance for July starts off with  £11,600 however the opening balance for August is  £6,700 a decrease of  £4,900. This is because of the sales revenue for the previous month. The sales revenue for July is  £6,000 however; this increases to  £8,000 the next month an extra  £2,000 profit. Although they had the same amount of raw materials price they sold more. No loan has been taken out for any of the months. The reason why there increase in Steve sales revenue, is that the demands for Steve product have increase. The total expenditure for July and August is the same at  £10,900. This is having a good impact on the business as this will result in a regular cash flow which will then allow Steve to easily predict future cash flows and make plans to help advance his business. The monthly net cash flow for July is at a negative at - £4,900 however; this is getting better and the money should eventually go to a positive as in August the price lowers to - £2,900 and increase of  £2,000. This must be because of the sales in the months before and the sales revenue in these months. The closing balance is at  £6,700 for July a decrease from the previous months and this gets worse at it progresses to the next month and the closing balance goes to  £3,800. This reason for this decrease is the sales revenue prevised month. September and October The opening balance starts off with  £3,800. This is having a bad impact on the business as Steve will not be able to pay the bills or pay for stock and he will then eventually go bank-corrupt. In October there is a slight improvement as the opening balance is  £3,900. The sales revenue starts to recover as for September it is  £11,000 a huge improvement from the previous months. For October there is a higher increase  £18,000. This is having a good impact on the business. The raw materials increases from  £2,500 to  £12,500 from October to December to all of this change the prices of raw material increase significantly to  £12,500. The reason for why the prices of raw material have gone up is the demands for the product has gone up. Therefore Steve has to buy more raw materials for his customers. Regular cash outflow is good for the business because there always has to be money going out of your business. This makes it easier for the business to prepare them for the money going out of the business. The Monthly net cash flow starts off with a positive for September at  £100 this is a huge improvement from the previous months. The monthly net cash  flow goes to - £2,900 a huge drop in October from previous months. This is because of the raw material costs have increased. September’s closing balance stays at a positive  £3,900 and increase of  £100 from the previous months. On the other hand, for October although it stays at a positive the closing balance drops to  £1,000 and this is because of the raw materials costs. November and December The opening balance starts to drop from the previous month to now at  £1,000 in November. This is because of the raw material costs from the previous months. This drops even more in December to - £18,900. This is having a very bad impact on the business as they are not starting off with a positive amount. This will not allow them to operate. This is the only month that has had a negative opening balance and will affect the business. The sales revenue for November is at  £21,000 which is a strong amount and has had an improvement from the previous months. This sales revenue has a bigger improvement and goes to  £22,000 in December. This is having a good impact on the business. The raw materials cost stays at  £12,500 which will have a bad impact on the business if the total price of expenditure doesn’t go higher than the previous month. New cooking equipment is one of fresh business irregular expenditure. On November  £20,000 went out of business. This is really bad for the business. Irregular expenditure is bad for the company because you don’t know when it going to happen or how much going to cost. Although this decreases to  £20,900 in the next month this will still have a bad impact on the business and may cause them to go bank-corrupt. The monthly net cash flow for November is at - £19,900 and this is having a bad impact on the business. For the last month the monthly net cash flow goes to a positive  £1,100. However, this still won’t help the business. The closing balance for November is at - £18,900 a huge decrease from the  positive previous month and the closing balance for the last month is at - £17,800 a decrease from the previous month but will not help the business. Finally, the total opening balance for this year is at  £131,400. This figure has been affected by the negative amount at the last month. The total monthly net cash flow for the whole year is at - £27,800 this is because of the over expenditure and has affected the business earning them a smaller and even negative closing balance. The total closing balance for the year is at  £103,600 and this has been affected by the negatives. Key words Total expenditure: All of cost added up. The total amount of money that is spent on a product in a given time period Monthly net cash flow: Equals cash receipts minus cash payments. In simple English it tells you if you’re making a profit or loss. Total income: All of your income added up (income is money you get from your goods and service) Cash outflows: The total money going out from a company in a given period of time. Cash outflows include expenses such as salaries, supplies, and maintenance, and lease Cash inflows: The total money going in to a business or company for sales of goods and services. Cash outflows include income such as sales revenue, loan etc.