CSR Business Practices

Question: Write an essay onCorporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is includes the business practices that also incorporates benefits of the society. CSR increases long run benefits of the company and enables the company to attain sustainability in the business. The companies must put their effort not only to maximize their profits but also to have positive impact of its business on environment and social well-being. CSR has gained growing importance in the business management (Clapp and Rowlands 2014). Corporate Social Responsibility also receives specific attention in the field of sports industry. Professionalization of the many sports in last few decades indicates that some major sports event has become an industry itself, as these sports involve management and marketing as well (Chen et al. 2015). In this research, the focus will be on understanding the Corporate Social Responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia, specifically on influence of Football or Soccer. The purpose of the research will be stated and significance will be identified. In addition to this, research questions will be formulated in this paper. This proposal will brief the literature, based on which research is based upon. It will also analyze the research methodology and discuss the ethical consideration. It will also brief the expected outcome of the research to be conducted. Focus of the study The purpose of the project is to identify the role of CSR in the Sports industry; and how it is gaining importance over the years. In this section, research questions will be formulated based on the research objectives as follows: To find out if soccer creates value through Corporate Social Responsibility and how sports-based companies view Corporate Social Responsibility To evaluate the significance relationship between performance of the Sports Company and CSR. Research Questions: a) Does Soccer create value through CSR? b) How do the sports-based companies view CSR?c) How much the Soccer clubs or national Football franchise spend on CSR?d) Is there any relationship between the performance of the company and Corporate Social Responsibility? Review Carroll has described the evolution of modern CSR and concept has diversified and developed on conceptual basis. The four dominating areas of the study of CSR are economic responsibility; legal responsibility; ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility (Cortsen 2013). In terms of economics, the sports teams have responsibility to earn profit. The sports franchises emphasize to earn profit that affects the economic development in the region. Professional sports teams have major influences on the city, in terms of employment generation. Scholars have noted that franchise or a sports team can bring other business into the city if the team improves the image of the area. Unlike traditional business, sports businesses are valued on their created revenues apart from cash flow and assets. The type of players the team can afford depends on the revenue (Kitzmueller and Shimshack 2012). Moreover, the operating structures of sports teams are different from traditional organizations . The sports leagues are mostly owned by corporations and some are owned by small partnership goals. Therefore, how the companies are making profits are the corporate responsibility of the sports franchise. The sports teams are also bound to follow laws and the regulations of state and federal government. The sports teams and the league corporations receive legal benefits because of their category. Hence, it is more important to follow all legal rules. Scholars have opined that sports laws have become a discipline because sports like Soccer produce million-dollar deals, in terms of player contracts; media usage and league revenues from gate receipts; club seats; advertising etc. These high stakes lead to legal issues in this industry (Ehie 2016). To maintain fair competition in each league, anti-trust laws are different. Issues like gambling for match fixing; trademark rights and doping are major in terms of legal responsibility of the sports industry. For players involvement in the illegal activities, organization is not responsible but activities of one player do have severe impact upon the team. Hence, it is crucial to incorporate legal responsibilities under CSR.Apart from economic and legal responsibility, sports companies should confined to maintain additional behaviors and activities that are not mandatorily codified. Ethical aspect includes fair play by the players and sportsmanship (Paramio-Salcines, Babiak and Walters 2013). Philanthropic responsibility of the sports industry incorporates cash donation to the NGOs, like, free tickets; sponsorship of some community event; volunteerism of the employees. Since, professional sports teams hold a high profile; philanthropic responsibility is important in order to succeed financially (Manimalar and Sudha 2016). It is empirically evident that professional teams are engaged in charities of millions of dollars. Hence, this aspect is incorporated under CSR. Sports clubs of Europe adopted CSR in order to achieve strategic organizational goals (Blumrodt, Bryson and Flanagan 2012). In the North America, CSR activities of the sports team are driven by internally and externally as well. The Scottish Premier League is significantly engaged in the CSR activity and this involvement is considered as motivation for the company (Hamil and Morrow 2011). In contrast, the Italian Serie A League is forth among European soccer leagues in terms of revenue but they have put less effort in the CSR activities (Picariello and Trendafilova 2012). At the global level, FIFA has also created CSR unit. This research will further find out the involvement of CSR in the sports industry and its relevance in the sports management. Research Methodology In order to answer the research question, it is required to explore Corporate Social Responsibility within the sports industry, specifically the influence of Soccer. To conduct this research, proper methodology is required to be adopted. Research Philosophy: The philosophy of this paper follows positivism, as this research relies only on the real facts and figures; and does not take into account any subjective facts like human interest and emotions. Research Approach: The approach of this research work is inductive in nature. This is because; here the research will be conducted to answer some specific research questions formulated in the beginning of the research process (Panneerselvam 2014).Research Design: The design of this paper is descriptive in nature. It does not aim to formulate any hypotheses from the findings. This kind of research work aims to answer some specific questions. It focuses on building the idea of the research topic. It tries to answer the questions like How; W hat; when rather than why. Data Collection Method: In order to find out the answers to the formulated question, both quantitative and qualitative data is to be collected. In order to find the value creation through CSR; spending of the Football franchises, the information will be in terms of numerical values. Therefore, the data will be quantitative in nature (Neuman and Robson 2012). The research is also based on qualitative data as to know the views of the sports based company about CSR, interviews are to be conducted with the owners of the sports franchises or with other members. These information are qualitative in nature that will help to describe the relevance of CSR in this industry.Data Type: The research is based on both primary data and secondary data. The figures of revenue or the spending on CSR can be obtained directly by enquiring the sports companies; this is primary in nature. However, the data might be available in the official websites of the companies or in other medium, which will be considered as secondary data. The relevance of CSR in sports management can be identified from several journal articles; research paper or books. The collected information through questionnaire is of primary in nature.Sampling: The quantitative data are collected through random sampling method. Some random sports franchises or companies of Australian Soccer have been chosen in order to collect their revenue through CSR and spending on CSR. Questionnaire has been provided at the time of interviews to collect the views of the sports companies of this country regarding Corporate Social Responsibility. Data Analysis: The collected quantitative data will be analyzed through statistical tools. As one of the research questions aims to find out the relationship between the performances of the sports-based companies, this will require to carry out an overall analysis. This will help to understand the statistical significance of CSR in performance of the sports business. Through collecting quantitative information, facts can be obtained and analyzed to answer the research problems. Ethical Consideration The research must consider addressing the ethical aspects. The data or information should not be hypothetical; it must be real. Otherwise, the finding will not be reliable. If the revenue and spending amount on CSR is collected from primary sources, research will not publish the values without the consent of the owners or the management and it will only analyze the values and interpret the results in the data analysis section. The individual response obtained from questionnaire or interviews must be kept confidential (Gajjar 2013). The secondary data that are obtained from other research papers on the same topic, will be addressed properly and will not be used or demanded as primary data. Expected Outcome It is expected that most of the sports based companies of Australia prefers CSR in their business practices. From the literature review, it has been identified that importance of CSR in the Sports industry is growing over time. Therefore, there can be positive relationship between CSR and performance of the company.Project Report:Corporate social responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia: a focus on the influence of Football (Soccer)Introduction: The society is increasingly interested into engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and this is a very important area in the corporate sustainability on the public, business and research agenda. This is crucial for the business management and gained in the management discipline. CSR helps the organization to clarify their business ethics, acknowledge the expectation of the stakeholder and associate it to the benefit of the society (Plewa et al. 2015). CSR is an area where there is extensive literature is available on the internet. All professional degree holders and researchers they have agreed CSR is important for business as this would imply the variation in the understanding of the term , issues related to it and by whom it is applied(Mazodier et al. 2015). All the global industries are engaged in the development, discussion and implementation of CSR. This will help the managers to perform better and compete. There is very little relevance of CSR noticed in the sports management and marketing specially in football industry. Sports franchises are interesting phenomenon in respect to CSR to maintain profit and their success related to finances depends on the community support for the team (Beus, Matanda, and Michael 2016). There are different ownership and management model followed by the sports franchises. There are teams owned by a single owner of large multinational group. The sports manager needs to be aware of the developments that are taking place in the socio economic forum just like that o f the corporate managers taking in to consideration the stakeholders and their interests. The sports industry in Australia is huge business. Sports business in Australia contributes 7.9 billion dollars to the economy Australia and employment generated is around 95000. The imputed value for the voluntary contribution to sports is around 1.6 billion dollars (Paramio-Salcines et al. 2015). The industry ranks with the defense, transport and financial services in importance to the GDP of Australia. The increasing awareness related to the governance issues in the business helps in giving a framework for the evaluation of the emerging focus on the issues of governance in the professional sporting bodies. CSR in the football industry is important part for each clubs agenda it is more than just a trend of business. The activities communicated through this have not gathered enough of academic interest. This research report will help in the investigation of role of CSR in professional football and data collected through the sports franchises or the companies of the Australian Football. This would help in understanding their spending on the CSR and earnings from it. Research Problem/ Issue and the Description of the Organization/ IndustryThe researcher faced a lot of problems while conducting the entire research. One of the most important factors in this case is the cost factor. As a result, it was not possible for the researcher to reach out to more individuals in order to know their CSR value related to sports. the researcher also found it difficult to find the data that were collected regarding the contribution of the sports industry in the economy of Australia. The main reason for the problem was that the time period was limited. The researcher also found it difficult to make quantitative prediction. It also became difficult to make quantitative prediction and the analyzing the data was also time consuming. As far as qualitative research is concerned, there are relatively small numbers of individuals who participates in the research method. These participants are less probable to take the research process seriously (Hamari et al. 2014). One of the most important outdoor team sports in Australia is the Soccer sports also known as football. It was in the late 19th century, the British migrants introduced the modern Soccer in Australia. Wanderers were the first club that was formed in Australia in the year 1880. The National Soccer League was first introduced in the year 1977 (Soni, Verma, and Joshi 2016). However, later a fully professional league replaced it. The domestic Soccer competition runs throughout the year in Australia. However, the professional league takes place during the summer season and the semi-professional league takes place during the Australian winter season (Hallinan and Hughson 2013). The Football Federation Australia that is FFA governs the Soccer in Australia. At present, FFA is the member of the Asian Football Confederation as well as the regional ASEAN Football Federation. The Professional Footballers Australia mainly represents the former as well as current Australian expert players of Soccer ( Galbreath and Shum 2012). As per the records, in the year 2006 a total of 970,730 individuals in Australia participated in the sports (Stell and Salisbury 2015). Literature Review - As opined by (Trendafilova and Nguyen 2015), in the sports industry in Australia the Corporate Social responsibility (CSR), is a growing field of academic study. In the case of the high profile individuals who are associated with the Australian Sports industry, CSR has become a common factor. CSR is also known to have a youth appeal that helps the young people to get engaged to a CSR program that is associated with sports. CSR also helps to deliver a positive impact on the health with the help of the programs as well as proposals that are designed around physical exercise (Hassan, 2013). CSR also helps to aid the social communication by perpetually involving group participation. Thus, with the help of CSR the sports industry in Australia will receive an instantaneous benefit of indulgence. As opined by (Foreman 2012), the sports industry in Australia is a huge business and the sports industry contributes more than $7.9 billion in the economy of Australia. The sports industry also gen erates employment to more than 95,000 individuals (Kasemsap 2014). The most successful football code in the country is the Australian Football League which is also known to conduct the most admired national sports league. In Australia, there are almost sixteen clubs for football and a self-governing commission administers the Australian Football League and the commission members are elected by the clubs. The commissions are in turn responsible for the long-term development of the game. The Australian Football is responsible for generating revenue of $108.447 million and the turnover of each club is roughly $15 million (Vyas and Nalwaya 2015). The corporate social responsibility in the football sports is widely acknowledged by the corporatization of sports. The corporate performance of Football in Australia has been improved by considering three major drivers. The globalization of the business has been one of the major reasons which surpass the national laws as well as regulation. Th e growth in theThe Australian Football is a strange irony that is played almost completely and the Australian Football is also an outstanding entity. As per the reports, there are more individuals who are willing to participate in the Australian Football. The first resident of Australia as well as the Australian Football shares a rich entwined history (Bradbury and OBoyle 2013). The development of the game is one of the most vital parts of the Australian Football League as it provides broad national strategies across six core areas. The six core areas include participation, coaching, sports first aid, talent as well as umpiring, community and original programs and events (Coutts et al. 2015).The corporate social responsibility is one of the important parts in the football industry. The report mainly aims at filling up the gap of the literature by providing the ways in which corporate social responsibility is promoted. As opined by (Vrondou 2015), the corporate social responsibility has evolved as a noteworthy strategic issue for the modern corporation as well as it received augmented attention by the researches on the worldwide basis. The sport holds an economic importance in Australia as it employs more than 75,000 individuals in Australia. As per the reports, each year the households in Australia spends more than $A8.4 million on the services and commodities related to sports (Breitbarth et al. 2015). The people in Australia are fitting sports into their busy schedule with the objective of getting a healthy lifestyle. As opined by (Smith, 2012), the theory of the stakeholders suggests that the CSR or the corporate social responsibility requires the association of the sports industry to consider all the interest of the stakeholders which includes the investors as well as the consumers and the suppliers. The corporate drift towards the social responsibility symbolizes a vital opportunity for capitalizing a plea on sports. The operation of corporate social resp onsibility in the course of the sport offers considerable potential for society return. The enlistment of the sports as a vehicle in order to contribute to the corporate social responsibility is viewed as a distinct opportunity which is mainly for the organization which is in charge of the sports. The Sports industries in Australia are known to make the tradeoffs related to CSR. However, in the trade off related to sports industry in Australia, the consumers mainly demands for a better stadium, which fulfils the requirements of the community. there are two different ways in which CSR can act. The first one is that the sports industry can be good for CSR and the second is that the sports industry can be good for CSR. The dimension, which is associated with the social responsibility of the sports industry, should be acknowledged. The procedure of achieving the social return from sport is very uncertain and it also lacks a logical force for confederacy. The following are the features t hat are associated with the social responsibility of the sports: Social Interaction The Corporate social responsibility in the Sporting industry in Australia, offers a platform which helps to encourage the social interaction in a practical way. The programs which are associated with Soccer are mainly designed for social return which stimulates social consistency as well as fair play. The Football Association in Australia has made a noteworthy investment regarding the social responsibility. As per the reports, more than 40 percent of the income of FIFA goes directly towards the support of the grassroots of the game. The qualitative analysis is one of the best analyses that need to conduct while dealing with the corporate social responsibility of the sports industry in Australia. With the help of the analysis, the researcher was able to reveal that how the sports teams are engaged in a number of socially responsible activities. It has also been found that the different teams of the football industry in Australia puts into practice the diverse corporate social responsi bility which are mainly based on the core mission of the programs (Westerbeek and Smith 2012).The corporate socially responsible activities related to the Sporting Industry in Australia are not restricted to charitable donation, charity, initiatives related to education as well as health and the development of the community. Based on the qualitative analysis, a high degree of interdependence has been noticed among the local community actors as well as the organization associated with sports in the backdrop. Hence, there are a number of factors that have led to the corporate social responsibility in the Sports industry in Australia. There are mainly four categories that are included in the category of CSR. The four factors include compassion, community as well as the education initiatives of the youth (Hu et al. 2016). Research Methodology and Data Collection: Research Methodology is an important part of the research where there are certain defined methods that are used by the researcher. The researcher will be carrying survey by sending the questionnaire to the team owners and community relationship director for different clubs for total respondents of 50. The main aim is to see the function within the team and relationship with CSR.Research Philosophy: There are mainly three types of research philosophies i.e. Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. In this particular research, the researcher will be using the method of Positivism. This would involve the scientific collection of the data, which is empirical in nature, and there is no interference with human thoughts. There is a need for a proper hypothesis with the data collected. There is an in-depth analysis of the future conducted through Positivism. The other concepts like Interpretivism and Realism does not consider the real issues and it is also time consuming. The structure that i s well defined with the definite rule and regulation is followed in Positivism (Mackey and Gass 2015).Research Approach: The research approach is important so that research is done accurately. The approaches that is used for the purpose of the research are deductive approach and inductive approach. The researcher in this research will be using the deductive approach. The approach will be dependent upon the conclusion derived from the approach. The inductive approach fails in considering the appropriate forms of recommendation and researcher would not be finding any base which the research is being performed (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). In case of the deductive approach, the researcher will be deriving some idea from the previous research that has been already conducted by many other researchers. This help in building knowledge and gathering of ideas.The researcher will be using the descriptive forms of research. The information will be availed by the researcher by getting a mo re wider and sound knowledge on the topic which is going to be gathered by the researcher (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014) . With the information that is gathered the researcher will be trying to develop the feelings and the ideas and put that is practical application as experienced from life. The other two types of research design are not considered as there is no detailed analysis and description that is available for the topic. Sampling: Sampling is a process through which a certain section of the total population is selected for the purpose of the research (Billig and Waterman 2014). There are mainly two types of sampling in a research i.e. the probability based sampling and non-probability based sampling. There is no biasness in the probability based sampling technique for the selection of the candidates. The research will be using probability based sampling technique for questioning the respondents. Team owners and community relationship director for different clubs for t otal respondents of 50 would be taken as sample Collection of data: The data collection is a technique, which helps in carrying out the research through the use of particular tool for the purpose of the research (Punch 2013). The data collection divisions are Quantitative and Qualitative. The researcher in this research will be using the quantitative form of research. The questionnaire framed is based on the 5 point-likert scale. All the questions are close ended.Quantitative Data Collection: In case of quantitative collection of data there are 50 respondents interrogated who are selected for the survey. The questionnaires would be sent through the online medium i.e. through the email. The options are provided for each of the possible questions in the questionnaire. Through this the researcher will be able to get the data that is required for the research and this would be helpful in carrying out the future researches. The statistics that is gathered will help in carrying forward th e study on the deeper understanding.Data Analysis: The data that is gathered from the primary sources is related to the journals and magazines that has been collected to frame the literature review. The data that has been collected will be represented in the form of chart and tables so that a clear understanding of the survey is made. The data collected is analyzed in the MS Excel software. Since the data collected is quantitative so it is very easily analyzed and interpreted.Accessibility Issues: The researcher has to face accessibility issue when performing the research. The collection of the data from the respondents is quite difficult. There were times when the researcher was not able receive the response from the target respondents. Since the medium of internet for accessing the respondents so they were reminded from time to time to fill up the questions for the research so that the tabulation of the data could be made within the time constraint. The collection of the email id of the community relationship directors and the team owners yet the researcher was able to get those from the credible sources. Ethical Requirements: Ethics in research is very important for a researcher. The questions that are framed in the questionnaire must not be made in such a way so that the sentiments of the respondents are not hurt. There is a need for applying ethics in all the stage of the research (Creswell 2013). It is quite important for upholding the ethics in this particular research and the research will be dependent upon the good will of the respondents for willing to share their personal information on their awareness , behavior and attitude (Walter. and Andersen 2013). The researcher should be able to build up a trust so that they are able to deliver the accurate information. The permission of the respondent by the researcher is very important. One must not advantage of the easy to access group, as they are easy to access. The sound type of ethical considerations suggests that the researcher needs to protect and preserve the dignity, privacy and freedom of the participants in the research (Gustafsson Herrmann an d Huber 2013. The respondents must be made to learn the nature and purpose of the research so that they can decide whether to engage in the research or not. This will be able to protect against possible harm and providing of the explicit opportunities to refuse or terminate the participant any time. If the respondents do not understand the subject matter then the results can be manipulative in nature. Data Analysis and Findings: The researcher uses the primary research for collection of the data. The quantitative form of data collection would be used for the research with some of the close-ended questions. The questionnaire is going to be distributed through the online channel. The responses that are gathered are represented in the form charts and diagrams using the Ms Excel Software. References: Beus, S., Matanda, M.J. and Michael, T., 2016. Turning Brand Undesirables in Brand Heroes: Capitalising on Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Sponsorship Alliances. In Marketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment (pp. 233-238). Springer International Publishing.Billig, S.H. and Waterman, A.S. eds., 2014. Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge.Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014. Business research methods. McGraw-hill education.Blumrodt, J., Bryson, D. and Flanagan, J., 2012. European football teams' CSR engagement impacts on customer-based brand equity. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(7), pp.482-493.Bradbury, T. and OBoyle, I., 2013. 18 The future Trends and challenges in sport. Sport Governance: International Case Studies, p.277.Breitbarth, T., Walzel, S., Anagnostopoulos, C. and van Eekeren, F., 2015. Governance and CSR management in sport. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 15(2).Chen, B.H., Chen, M.H., Tai, P.N. and Hsiung, W.C., 2015. Constructing the Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators of Professional Sport Organization. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(5), p.p75.Clapp, J. and Rowlands, I.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility. Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, p.42.Cortsen, K. 2013. The application of 'strategic CSR' in the sports industry. Kenneth Cortsen. Retrieved 13 July 2016, from https://kennethcortsen.com/the-application-of-strategic-csr-in-the-sports-industry/Creswell, J.W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.Ehie, I.C., 2016. Examining the corporate social responsibility orientation in developing countries: an empirical investigation of the Carroll's CSR pyramid. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 11(1), pp.1-20.Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a re search project. Sage.Foreman, J. 2012, Corporate Governance Issues In A Professional Sport. JULIE A. FOREMAN.Gajjar, B., 2013. Ethical consideration in research. International Journal for Research in Education, 2(7).Galbreath, J. and Shum, P., 2012. Do customer satisfaction and reputation mediate the CSRFP link? Evidence from Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 37(2), pp.211-229.Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F. eds., 2013. Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media.Hallinan, C.J. and Hughson, J.E., 2013. The Containment of Soccer in Australia: Fencing Off the World Game. Routledge.Hamari, J., Koivisto, J. and Sarsa, H., 2014, January. Does gamification work?--a literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 3025-3034). IEEE.Hamil, S. and Morrow, S. 2011. Corporate social responsibility in the Scottish Premier League: Context and motivation. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 11(2). pp.143-170.Hassan, D., 2013. Managing the business of sport. Managing the Business of Sport: An Introduction, p.446.Hu, K.H., Chen, F.H. and Tzeng, G.H., 2016. Evaluating the Improvement of Sustainability of Sports Industry Policy Based on MADM. Sustainability,8(7), p.606.Inoue, Y. and Havard, C.T., 2014. Determinants and Consequences of the Perceived Social Impact of a Sport Event. Journal of Sport Management,28(3).Kasemsap, K., 2014. The Role of Sports Marketing in the Global Marketplace. Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, p.306.Kitzmueller, M. and Shimshack, J., 2012. Economic perspectives on corporate social responsibility. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(1), pp.51-84.Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.Manimalar, R. and Sudha, S., 2016. Corporate Ethical and Legal Responsibility: Eff ects of CSR on Consumer Trust and Brand Loyalty. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(6), pp.7-19.Mazodier, M., Plewa, C., Palmer, K. and Quester, P.G., 2015. Achieving corporate social responsibility through sponsorship. Routledge Handbook of Sports Marketing, p.317.Mertens, D.M., 2014. Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications.Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..Paramio-Salcines, J.L., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. CSR within the sports industry: an overview of an emerging academic field. Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility. Routledge, London, pp.1-16.Paramio-Salcines, J.L., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. CSR Within The Sport Industry. Routledge Handbook of Sport and Corporate Social Responsibility, p.1.Picariello, M. and Trendafilova, S.,2012. Corporate Social Responsibility In Sport: The Case Of Italian Soccer.Plewa, C., Conduit, J., Quester, P.G. and Johnson, C., 2015. The impact of corporate volunteering on CSR image: A consumer perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(3), pp.643-659.Punch, K.F., 2013. Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage.Salcines, J.L.P., Babiak, K. and Walters, G., 2013. Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility. Routledge.Soni, A., Verma, R. and Joshi, M.C., 2016. Sports Goods Foundation of Australia: A Case Study of a Solution Based NGO. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(4), pp.52-63.Stell, M. and Salisbury, C., 2015. Its Bigger than the Olympics: changing Australia through football and the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Soccer Society,16(2-3), pp.245-258.Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault , M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.Trendafilova, S. and Nguyen, S., 2015. 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Essay Writing For Sampl

Essay Writing For SamplWriting a management essay for Sampl can be a challenging task. It is one that requires consideration, research and even more research. It is imperative that you seek the advice of an essay writing consultant prior to attempting to write your first Sampl essay. The type of sample essay you are likely to write will largely depend on your type of management personality and the specific needs of the company.The most experienced of managers and leaders do their own essays. They take charge of the process and provide direction to the writing staff. Your entire coaching staff is designed to help you with your style of leadership, your knowledge of Sampl, and the type of organization you are part of. Regardless of how experienced you are, there is a strong possibility that you have some problems with writing as well as editing.One major difference between an essay outline and a management idea is that the former involves thorough brainstorming and thorough writing. An y of the ideas that you could bring to life through Sampl and management theory cannot be handled this way. You will need to be involved in each step of the process from start to finish. Your essay writing consultants can provide you with helpful tips on using Sampl for management and your team's overall success.Essays should be written from the point of view of the writer. As such, you should work with a coach that will provide you with step-by-step directions as you go. A coach will also provide you with knowledge on how to move through each part of the writing process. When you seek the counsel of a coach, you are getting expert advice from someone who is knowledgeable in writing and those that have been in the industry.This is a common mistake among managers. Often, when a manager sees the final draft of an essay they are simply not satisfied with the results. This happens because they aren't willing to think outside of the box. As a result, their advice to others is not only li mited to help them reach a certain level of productivity. It is often times one sided and does not provide practical solutions for the individual business.Your coaching staff should be the ones that provide you with the initial written advice on an essay outline and should give you suggestions on how to go about writing the more difficult sections of your essays. Your essay writing consultants can also help you with editing as you progress in the writing process. With the help of a coach, it is important that you know that you are working with a professional that will provide you with both the written and oral guidance that is needed to make your Sampl essay a success.Management idea essays should be your first step to learning more about Sampl and the philosophy of managing. There are many ways to approach writing a sample essay for a business that can fit into any kind of organization. Your coaching staff should be able to help you realize your own style of leadership through the usage of Sampl. Your main goal is to get better at managing your business and your employees. Once you understand Sampl and the philosophy of managing, it will be easier to move forward in achieving those goals.In summary, it is essential that you utilize a coaching staff to help you with your management idea and writing process. Your coaching staff can assist you in your writing process and help you understand more about the management philosophy and Sampl. In the end, a good coach can make it easier for you to work with a strategic plan and promote organizational success.

American Parties From The Civil War Essays - Elections,

American Parties from the Civil War American Parties from the Civil War This essay conains American party systems from the end of George Washington's first term as president through the Civil War. Included are the creations, the building up of, and sometimes the break down of the various parties. As well as the belief in which the parties stood for. The Origins of the Democratic Party In colonial politics tended to organize and electioneer in opposition to the policies of royal, mercantile, banking, manufacturing, and shipping interests. Agrarian interests later become a principal source of support for the Democratic Party. Many of the colonies had so-called Country parties opposing the Court parties in the 18th century. Before the end of the first administration of George Washington in 1793, party alignments of national consequence began to form. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton was the master politician of the Federalist Party. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, with help from his fellow Virginian, Representative James Madison, began the first respectable opposition in national affairs. They were called the Democratic-Republican Party, also known as the Jeffersonians. Jefferson spoke about the interests of farmers, veterans, and urban immigrants and was in favor of minimum government, maximum liberty, alliance with France, and easy credit for debtors. In 1792 he and Madison allied with New York's Governor George Clinton, creating the first political coalition between Northern and Southern politicians. After Jefferson's reelection of 1804, Federalist strength tended to decline everywhere except in New England. The majority of practicing politicians, mostly those in the new states of the West, called themselves Jeffersonians. New issues associated with the economic development of the West and the growing number of urban workers in the East demanded attention. The administrations (1817-25) of James Monroe were referred to as the Era of Good Feelings, meaning that there were no real party divisions; in fact, the Jeffersonians dominated the period. This situation ended with a split among the Democratic- Republicans in 1824. Democratic Party This American political party was founded around Thomas Jefferson and opposed to Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists. The party emphasized personal liberty and the limitation of federal government. Originally called Democratic Republicans, they were called Democrats by 1828. Backed by a coalition of Southern agrarians and Northern city dwellers. Jefferson was elected president in 1800, and the Democrats held the presidency until 1825. A radical group of Democrats led by Andrew Jackson won the elections of 1828 and 1832, but arguments over slavery created and deepened splits within the party, and the Civil War destroyed it. The party revived after the disputed election of 1876. With the nomination in 1896 of W. J. Bryan on a Free Silver platform, the radicals again gained control, but Bryan's defeat pointed out the difficulty of reconciling the party's diverse elements. Federalist Party The Federalist Party is a name that was originally applied to the advocates of ratification of the Constitution of the United States of 1787. Later, however, it came to designate supporters of the presidential administrations of George Washington and John Adams and especially supporters of the financial policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. Until 1795, the Federalists were not a political organization in any modern sense. Federalism was a frame of mind, a set of attitudes that included belief in a strong and activist central government, public credit, the promotion of commerce and industry, and strict neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars. Opposition arose on all these points and became largely organized around James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Federalists began to adopt the tactics of the opposition Democratic-Republicans in response to attacks on Jay's Treaty with Britain (1794). Although parties were widely regarded as inimical to free government, and although Washington, Hamilton, and Adams deplored their rise (together with the tendency toward a North versus South and pro-British versus pro-French polarization of political opinion), parties were an established fact by the presidential election of 1796. While Adams was president, the Federalists attempted to stifle dissent by the Alien and Sedition Act (1798). These, however, had the effect of stiffening the opposition at the time when the Federalists themselves were splitting into "High" and "Low" wings over the issue of the XYZ Affair and the ensuing Quasi-War with France. By the election of 1800, therefore, the Democratic-Republicans gained control of the federal government. The death of Washington in 1799 and of Hamilton in 1804 left the Federalists without a powerful leader, and they seemed unfit at the highly organized and popular politics of the Democratic-Republicans. Although the party continued to have strength in New England, expressing the opposition of commercial interests to the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 , it

Two Articles free essay sample

For this assignment, you will compose two short critical essays explaining and evaluating arguments by other authors. This assignment allows you to analyze an issue from a variety of perspectives and assess arguments for or against the issue. By focusing your attention on how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Read the two articles Predictive Probes, and New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When from the textbook and write two separate analytical summaries. These articles can be found in the chapter titled: Deciding to accept an argument: Compare the evidence. This assignment has two parts. Part 1—First Article Write an analytical summary of the article focusing on the article’s main claims. Include the following: †¢Identify the three ways the author uses evidence to support assertions. †¢Identify the places where evidence is employed as well as how the author uses this evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Articles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discuss evidence as the reason vs. the support for the reason. Also discuss evidence as dependent on the issue/context. †¢Analyze how the author signals this usage through elements such as word choices, transitions, or logical connections. Part 2—Second Article Write an analytical summary of the article focusing on the article’s main claims. Include the following: †¢Identify the author’s use of the three elements: experiment, correlation, and speculation to support assertions. †¢Analyze how the author signals the use of these elements through language. For example, word choices, transitions, or logical connections. Write a 4–5-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M3_A2. doc. 1. What kind of evidence would you expect in the following arguments? †¢a. An argument that people who eat a special diet will have less chance of getting cancer. †¢b. An argument that God exists. †¢c. An argument that human cells secrete some substance under certain conditions. †¢d. An argument that stealing is unethical. †¢e. An argument that owning a pet tends to lower one’s blood pressure. Answers (a) evidence after the fact; (b) philosophical evidence (a general principle, for instance that the universe is orderly); (c) direct scientific experimentation; (d) philosophical evidence; (e) evidence after the fact 2. Underline the language in the following argument that you believe indicates that it does (or does not) admit its limits. It’s an obvious fact that living in the suburbs is better than city life. Everyone knows that cities are far more polluted and dangerous. And of course, people don’t even know their neighbors. On the other hand, suburbs are peaceful havens from the workaday world. READINGS The following two articles show breathtaking advances in the ability to detect whether a person will suffer from a particular genetic disease. The first article contains references to all three types of evidence discussed in this chapter. Compare the language used to depict direct experimentation, after-the-fact evidence, and values questions. Predictive probes by Jerry E. Bishop Several years ago, Nancy Wexler’s mother died of Huntington’s disease, a hereditary and always-fatal affliction that strikes in midlife. Since then, Ms. Wexler, the 38-year-old president of the Hereditary Diseases Foundation in Santa Monica, Calif. , has lived with the uncertainty of whether she, too, inherited the deadly gene. That uncertainty may soon be resolved. A few months ago, scientists announced they were on the verge of completing a new test to detect the gene for Huntington’s disease (formerly called Huntington’s chorea). But deciding whether to submit herself to the test is an anguishing choice for Ms. Wexler. â€Å"If I came out lucky, taking the test would be terrific, of course,† she says. But if I came out unlucky, well †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her dilemma is an extreme example of the kind thousands of Americans will face in the not-too-distant future as scientists learn how to pinpoint genes that cause or predispose a person to a future illness. The test to detect the Huntington’s disease gene should be ready within one to two years. Researchers already have detected some of the gene s that can lead to premature heart attacks and, in the near future, hope to spot those that could predispose a person to breast or colon cancer. Eventually, scientists believe they will be able to detect genes leading to diabetes, depression, schizophrenia and the premature senility called Alzheimer’s disease. New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When Amy Jo Snider, a college senior, has put her career plans and romantic life on hold until she settles a gnawing question about her genetic legacy. During her Christmas break, the Charleston, SC, student plans to be tested for a gene that causes ataxia, a disease without a cure that destroys the brain cells governing muscle control. The disorder crippled and ultimately killed her father in middle age. Because of a recent breakthrough in genetic research, the 21-year-old Miss Snider will be able to find out whether she inherited the disease, and, if so, how soon and how hard ataxia may strike her. â€Å"I want to be tested before I start to show symptoms,† she says unflinchingly. â€Å"I’m graduating in May, and I have to start planning my life. † As agonizing as the knowledge might be, she says the uncertainty is worse. â€Å"If I’m in limbo, it’s not fair to people around me,† she says. â€Å"I can’t deal with not knowing. †

Free Essays on Turkish Revolution

Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n... Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Under the rules of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a trouble at the years after mid-1870s. The majority of citizens were supporting Sultan Hamid II because he was also a religious leader for Muslims. Because of Hamid's Arab devotion, he had an enmity to west. Although there were good economic conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never changed his mind about hostility to west. Because of Hamid's hostility, the Ottoman Empire could not kept in step with technological developments in West. In developing world, regressions of the Ottoman Empire yielded the end of approximately one-thousand years old Ottoman Empire who had territories in 3 continents and lost most of them in a short time except Anatolia. Because of the occupations Anatolian people wanted to fight with enemies but the Ottoman Empire did not have power to fight. For that reason the citizens gathered together and fought against to enemies. After their success they realized the Turkish Revol ution and changed the regime. So the most important cause of the Turkish Revolution was the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. Refusing the idea of modernizing started the regression of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Hamid II was nursing a grudge to west from past. Although he rarely interested in western technology or some western products, he had never given up his hostility manners to west. While countries was developing in science and military, the Ottoman Empire started to perceive advanced western countries threat over them. The Turkish intellectuals who are inspired from west and some other developed countries like China, were accusing Sultan Abdul Hamid II because of the Ottoman Empire's backwardness in contrast to the developed countries. Meanwhile Sultan Abdul Hamid II annulled the constitution since 1876 and he started to manage the country with his own rules and the intellectuals did not like this situation. Sultan Abdul Hamid II had n...

Art a Play by Yasmina Reza

Art a Play by Yasmina Reza Marc, Serge, and Yvan are friends. They are three middle-aged men of comfortable means who have stayed friends with each other for fifteen years. Since men of their age often lack opportunities to meet new people and sustain new friendships, their courtesy towards and their tolerance for one another’s quirks and affinities have been worn raw. At the opening of the play, Serge is smitten with his acquisition of a new painting. It is a modern art piece (white on white) for which he paid two hundred thousand dollars. Marc can’t believe that his friend bought a white on white painting for such an extravagant amount of money. Marc could not care less about modern art. He believes that people ought to have a few more standards when it comes to determining what is good â€Å"art† and therefore worthy of two grand. Yvan gets caught in the middle of Marc and Serge’s arguments. He does not find the painting or the fact that Serge spent so much to acquire it as offensive as Marc does, but he doesn’t adore the piece as much as Serge does. Yvan has his own real-life problems. He is planning a wedding with a fiancà © turned â€Å"bridezilla† and a host of selfish and unreasonable relatives. Yvan tries to turn towards his friends for support only to be ridiculed by both Marc and Serge for not having a strong opinion in their war over the white on white painting. The play culminates in a confrontation among the three strong personalities. They throw every personal choice that the others disagree with and look down on into each other’s faces. A piece of art, a visual and external representation of inner values and beauty, causes Marc, Yvan, and Serge to question themselves and their relationships to the core.  Ã‚   At his wit’s end, Serge hands Marc a felt tip pen and dares him to draw over his white on white, two hundred thousand dollars, adored, a piece of art. How far will Marc go to prove that he truly doesn’t believe that this painting is actually art? Production Details Setting: The main rooms of three different flats. Only a change in the painting above the mantle determines whether the flat belongs to Marc, Yvan, or Serge.Time: The presentCast Size: This play can accommodate 3 male actors. Roles Marc: Marc is a strongly opinionated man when it comes to what he values and an extremely condescending one towards what he does not value at all. Other people’s feelings do not factor into his decisions or filter the manner in which he talks to them and about them. Only his girlfriend and her homeopathic remedies for stress seem to have any sway over his strong and acerbic personality. On his wall above his mantel hangs a figurative painting that is described as â€Å"pseudo-Flemish† of a view of Carcassonne.Serge: Serge, according to Marc, has recently taken a dive into the world of Modern Art and has fallen head over heels with a newfound respect for it. Modern Art speaks to something within him that makes sense and which he finds beautiful. Serge has recently gone through a divorce and has a dim view of marriage and anyone searching to make a commitment to another person. His rules for life, friendship, and art went out the window with his marriage and now he has fo und peace in the realm of Modern Art where the old rules are thrown out and acceptance and instinct govern what is valuable. Yvan: Yvan is less high strung than his two friends about art, but he has his own issues in life and love that make him just as neurotic as Marc and Serge are. He begins the play stressed about his upcoming wedding and looking for a little support. He finds none. Although the physical production of art on canvas means less to him than it does to the others, he is more in tune with the psychological responses and reasonings behind such responses than either Marc or Serge are. That aspect of his personality is what thrusts him into being the middleman in this fight between friends and why he gets belittled by both of them. He actually cares more about their feelings and well-being than they do for him or each other. The painting above the mantel in his flat is described as â€Å"some daub.† The audience finds out later Yvan’s is the artist. Technical Requirements Art is light on technical requirements for production. Production notes specify the need for only a single set of a man’s flat, â€Å"as stripped down and neutral as possible.† The only object that should change between scenes is the painting. Serge’s flat has the white on white canvas, Marc’s has the view of Carcassonne, and for Yvan, the painting is the â€Å"daub.† Occasionally the actors deliver asides to the audience. Marc, Serge, or Yvan take turns stepping out of the action and addressing the audience directly. Lighting changes during these asides will help the audience understand the break in the action. No costume changes are needed and there are few props required for this production. The playwright wants the audience to focus on the art, the friendships, and the questions the play brings up. Production History Art was written in French for a French audience by playwright Yasmina Reza. It has been translated many times and produced in many countries since its debut in 1996. Art was performed ​on Broadway at the Royale Theater in 1998 for a run of 600 shows. It starred ​Alan Alda as Marc, ​Victor Garber as Serge, and Alfred Molina as Yvan. Content Issues: Language Dramatists Play Service holds the production rights for Art (translated by Christopher Hampton). Inquiries for producing the play may be made through the website.

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why Essay

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why - Essay Example Although Éric Besson’s ministry seems to connect with debate, he denies any connection between immigration and the debate. On the other hand, Jean-Luc MÃ ©lenchon writes that to be French is to have a French identity card and the rights that go with it. Additionally, French Muslims just like the Arabs react to the debate with resentment claiming discrimination to the French identity. More so, Yazid Sabeg, an Algerian-born businessman, says the French nation is more unified and that the organic sense of being French does exist. Additionally, Mr. Besson argues that Franco-French does not exist and that there is no race. He says that only a shared set of values that include liberty, equality, fraternity, and secularism exist in France (Erlanger Web). There seems to be immense concern on the France identity as portrayed by various French leaders. As such, I think the debate about French identity is worth discussing. I feel that this debate will clearly define the France identity and remove the dark thoughts of discrimination on race and religion. I also feel that very few people in the world understand secularism in the French